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ACHAH040

The nature of the sources most relevant to these interpretations and representations, for example Josephus Flavius’ The Jewish War, written and archaeological evidence for Roman military tactics and siege warfare, and the excavation work of Yigael Ya …

ACHAH043

The reliability and contestability of the interpretations and representations of Masada, including the accuracy of Josephus Flavius’ account in The Jewish War, debates about the meaning of the events at Masada in AD 73-74, the role of archaeology, and …

ACHAH049

The geographic and historical context of the destruction of the Troy, evidence of different layers of Troy throughout the ancient past, including Anotalian (Troy I-V) Bronze Age (Troy VI and VII), and ancient civilisations linked to Troy: Bronze Age Greece, …

ACHAH050

The nature of the sources most relevant to the representations portrayed, for example the Homer’s Iliad; archaeological evidence from Mycenae; Hissarlik/Troy and the foreign office records of the Hittites including the Manapu-Tarhunda letter and Tawagalawa …

ACHAH051

The differing representations and interpretations of the destruction of Troy (from the ancient past, to the more recent past, to today), including the tradition of the ‘Trojan War’; the role of Paris and Helen in the Trojan War; and that Troy was destroyed …

ACHAH053

The reliability and contestable nature of the representations of the destruction of Troy and the historicity of the Trojan War, including the significance of gaps in evidence, source selection, omission and emphasis

ACHAH069

The background to Cleopatra, including the kingdoms of the Hellenistic world, the Ptolemaic dynasty in Egypt and the role of Ptolemaic women, the significance of Egypt within the Mediterranean world at the time, Egypt’s relationship with Rome, the significance …

ACHAH080

The nature of the sources and sites, including Vix and Hochdorf Burial; relevant excepts from Caesar’s Gallic War VII, Dio Cassius Roman History Books 40 &43 (Vercingetorix) and Book 62 (Boudicca), Tacitus The Annals Books 14 (Boudicca), Asterix series, …

ACHAH124

evidence for the spread of particular forms of art and architecture in the ancient world through trade, the movement of peoples, and conquest.

ACHAH125

the nature of the sources for weapons and warfare, and early evidence for military encounters in the ancient world

ACHAH200

Athens’ changing foreign policy in 461BC, its alliances with Megara and Thessaly, the First Peloponnesian War, the Athenian Land Empire, and Cimon’s possible recall

ACHAH210

The reasons for Sulla’s March on Rome, the Civil War, Sulla’s dictatorship and the effectiveness of the so-called ‘Sullan Restoration’ on the powers of the tribunate and Senate

ACHAH213

The role and impact of violence in Roman politics, including the use of the Senatus Consultum Ultimum, and Civil War

ACHAH218

The reasons for the breakdown of the ‘First Triumvirate’ and the key events of the Civil War, including Caesar versus Pompey and the optimates; battles of Pharsalus, Thapsus and Munda

ACHAH224

The role and impact of violence in Roman politics, including the use of client armies and civil war

ACHAH299

The evidence for post Amarna foreign policy provided by Egyptian and other sources, including correspondence between Queen Ankhesenamun and the Hittite King, Suppiluliumas I, the Peace treaty between Hattusilis III and Ramesses II (Hittite and Egyptian …

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