Modern Greek (Version 8.4)

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Context statement

The place of the Modern Greek language and culture in Australia and the world
Modern Greek is the official language of Greece and Cyprus. It is spoken throughout the world – wherever there are Greek-speaking communities.

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PDF documents

Resources and support materials for the Australian Curriculum: Languages - Modern Greek are available as PDF documents. 
Languages - Modern Greek: Sequence of content
Languages - Modern Greek: Sequence of Achievement - F-10 Sequence
Languages - Modern …

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Years 7 and 8

Years 7 and 8 Band Description

The nature of the learners

These years represent a transition to secondary school. Students in this sequence are continuing to study Modern Greek, bringing with them an established capability to interact in different situations, to engage with a variety of texts and to communicate with some help about their immediate world and that of Greece, Cyprus and other Greek-speaking communities. They have experience in analysing the major features of the language system and in reflecting on the intercultural exchanges in which they are involved.

Modern Greek language learning and use

At this level, learners express ideas and feelings, exchange opinions, negotiate relationships and manage shared activities. They use modelled and rehearsed language in familiar and unfamiliar contexts and increasingly generate original and personal language (Τα ενδιαφέροντά μου είναι ..., Σου αρέσει η μαγειρική;). They create and perform more complex and varied texts, for example, role-plays of interactions at a restaurant, songs about leisure activities, acrostic poems, blogs about experiences at school, tourism advertisements for a Greek island and journal entries. They plan, draft and present imaginative and informative texts, for example, a children’s book, design interactive texts, for example, word games, and collaborative tasks, for example, menus, and participate in discussions and games, such as Greek board games. They use vocabulary and grammar with increasing accuracy, drafting and editing to improve structure and clarify meaning.

Contexts of interaction

Learners work collaboratively and independently, exploring different modes and genres of communication with particular reference to their social, cultural and communicative interests. They pool language knowledge and resources to plan, problem-solve, monitor and reflect. Modern Greek is used not only for classroom interactions and transactions but also for broader interactive and intercultural experiences, such as the exchange of language and culture that occurs with sister-school relationships, and study trips to Greece or Cyprus (Θα επικοινωνήσουμε αύριο με το σχολείο μας στην Ελλάδα ...). Extra opportunities for interaction are provided by purposeful and integrated use of information and communication technologies (ICT), for example, videoconferencing, internet video and audio calling, instant messaging and e-learning.

Texts and resources

Learners read, view and interact with a broad range of texts and resources specifically designed for learning Modern Greek in school contexts, such as textbooks, readers, videos and online materials, including those developed for computer-supported collaborative learning. They also access authentic materials created for Greek-speaking communities, such as films, websites, advertisements and magazines.

Features of Modern Greek language use

By building their vocabulary knowledge, learners are able to develop and express more complex concepts in Modern Greek. They use a range of grammatical forms and structures to convey relationships between ideas, events and experiences, developing awareness of the language structures and features of specific texts. They use different processing strategies and their knowledge of language, increasingly drawing on understanding of text types, for example, writing a journal entry, and patterns, for example, correctly using verb endings. They make connections between texts and cultural contexts, identifying how cultural values and perspectives are embedded in language (το παλικάρι, η πατρίδα), and how language choices determine how people, issues and circumstances are represented (Να ζήσετε, Πάντα άξιος, Καλά στέφανα, Καλή όρεξη, Στην υγειά σου, Γεια μας, Σιδερένιος!).

Level of support

Learners may have a range of previous experience in the language or may be new learners. A multilevel and personalised approach to teaching and task design is needed for this diversity of prior experience. Consolidation of prior learning is balanced with the provision of new, engaging and challenging experiences. Learners are supported, as they develop increasing autonomy as language learners and users, to self-monitor and reflect on language use in response to their experiences in diverse contexts.

The role of English

Modern Greek is the main language of instruction and interaction, and English is used for conceptually demanding explanations and discussions. Learners continue to develop a metalanguage for thinking and communicating about language, culture and their sense of self, and connections within and across languages and cultures.


Years 7 and 8 Content Descriptions

Socialising

Initiate and sustain interactions, face-to-face or online, to share information, ideas, thoughts and opinions about people, objects, places and events

[Key concepts: relationships, experiences; Key processes: exchanging, sharing, discussing] (ACLMGC154 - Scootle )

  • Literacy
  • Information and Communication Technology (ICT) Capability
  • Critical and Creative Thinking
  • Personal and Social Capability
  • Intercultural Understanding
  • interacting with peers, face-to-face or online, to describe everyday aspects of own environment, lifestyles and routines, and making comparisons with those of students in different cultural contexts, for example, school holidays in Australia compared to Greece and Cyprus
  • exchanging personal information such as languages spoken, family and friends, routines and immediate environment with peers in their class and further afield, using H καταγωγή μου είναι από, Tα ενδιαφέροντά μου είναι ... and other verbs such as Aσχολούμαι με ...
  • sharing views about favourite forms of entertainment, celebrities and other significant figures, expressing preferences, feelings and opinions, for example, Μου αρέσει, Λατρεύω το ποδόσφαιρο, νομίζω, αισθάνομαι, προτιμώ
  • recounting events and describing activities and personal experiences, for example, Πού πήγες; Τι έκανες; Σου αρέσει η μαγειρική; Πάμε σινεμά;
Participate in collaborative tasks, activities and experiences which involve making decisions, negotiating, planning and shared transactions

[Key concepts: friendship, task, experience; Key processes: negotiating, collaborating, participating] (ACLMGC155 - Scootle )

  • Literacy
  • Numeracy
  • Information and Communication Technology (ICT) Capability
  • Critical and Creative Thinking
  • Personal and Social Capability
  • Intercultural Understanding
  • participating in decision-making scenarios, for example, planning to go to a celebration of Apokries, or making arrangements to attend a Greek film festival, agreeing or disagreeing with ideas and suggestions, for example, Eγώ θα ντυθώ παλιάτσος, Να βρεθούμε έξω από το κινηματογράφο στις εφτά, Θα φάμε έξω.
  • participating in the collaborative planning of real or simulated class events, such as a trip to the local market to buy food for a special occasion, hosting students visiting the school on an exchange program, giving a community performance, for example, Τι θα πρέπει να πάρουμε μαζί μας για το ταξίδι στην Ελλάδα; Τι θα πρέπει να ψωνίσουμε για τη γιορτή; or arranging an online meeting with sister-school students in Greece or Cyprus and discussing how the interaction will be organised, for example, Να επικοινωνήσουμε αύριο με το σχολείο μας στην Ελλάδα με το διαδίκτυο;
  • describing plans and arrangements, giving suggestions and reasons for own preferences, and negotiating outcomes, for example, Πάμε να παίξουμε ποδόσφαιρο;/ Πάμε για ποδόσφαιρο; Όχι, προτιμώ να πάμε σινεμά, γιατί βρέχει
  • transacting and negotiating in real or simulated situations, such as comparing similar offers for goods on online Greek language internet sites and discussing preferences and prices, for example, Tο ξενοδοχείο αυτό προσφέρει άνετα δωμάτια σε καλύτερες τιμές, Βρήκα μια μεγάλη και ελαφριά βαλίτσα γαι το ταξίδι μας
Participate in classroom interactions and exchanges through asking and responding to open-ended questions and offering opinions

[Key concepts: discussion, exchange; Key processes: responding, expressing] (ACLMGC156 - Scootle )

  • Literacy
  • Critical and Creative Thinking
  • Personal and Social Capability
  • initiating interactions in a class or group activity, such as assigning roles to others, for example, Γράψε τις προτάσεις, Απάντησε στις ερωτήσεις, Τί γνώμη έχετε γι’ αυτό το τραγούδι; Να χωριστείτε σε ομάδες.
  • asking for, giving and following instructions in a variety of situations, for example, Ανοίξτε τα βιβλία σας στη σελίδα … παρακαλώ; Πρέπει να τελειώσετε αυτή την άσκηση στο σπίτι ...
  • asking and responding to questions, for example, Ποιο μάθημα σου αρέσει καλύτερα και γιατί; Μου αρέσει η ζωγραφική γιατί ...
  • expressing opinions using language such as Πιστεύω, Η γνώμη μου είναι ότι, and inviting people to give opinions or suggestions, for example, Τι νομίζεις; Τι προτείνεις;
  • discussing and sharing learning strategies, such as developing vocabulary knowledge and expressing ideas and opinions in different ways, for example, Μαθαίνω νέες λέξεις όταν ακούω ελληνικά τραγούδια, Το μάθημα είναι πιο ενδιαφέρον όταν παίζουμε γλωσσικά παιχνίδια

Informing

Obtain and interpret information from a range of spoken, written, print or digital texts related to topics of interest such as leisure, food and diet, entertainment and special occasions

[Key concept: personal world; Key processes: identifying, selecting, interpreting] (ACLMGC157 - Scootle )

  • Literacy
  • Information and Communication Technology (ICT) Capability
  • Critical and Creative Thinking
  • Personal and Social Capability
  • Intercultural Understanding
  • collecting information from a range of texts, such as advertisements, signs, announcements, maps and recipes, identifying context, purpose and audience
  • comparing information from different texts such as a diary entry, song or invitation, about special occasions, evaluating information and discussing culture-specific terms and representations (Να ζήσεις! Χρόνια πολλά)
  • using print and online resources such as dictionaries and grammar references to support understanding of texts
  • summarising information and viewpoints in a range of texts, using tools such as guided note taking
  • accessing print and digital texts, such as invitations, cards and messages, summarising main ideas and key information and responding to them, for example, Ευχαριστώ για το μήνυμα, Θα είμαι εκεί στις εφτά
Convey and present information and ideas on a range of topics in different types of texts and modes

[Key concepts: representation, experience; Key processes: sequencing and ordering, interpreting, presenting] (ACLMGC158 - Scootle )

  • Literacy
  • Numeracy
  • Information and Communication Technology (ICT) Capability
  • Critical and Creative Thinking
  • Personal and Social Capability
  • Intercultural Understanding
  • responding to questions on a variety of topics for a range of purposes, for example, a report on a holiday destination, comparing travel brochures and itineraries, identifying transport and accommodation options, costs, and places of interest, for example, Πόσο μακριά είναι η Ακρόπολη από το Λυκαβηττό; Σε αυτή την εκδρομή μπορούμε να επισκεφθούμε πολλά ιστορικά μέρη
  • presenting findings from interviews with peers in own class or in Greek-speaking classes and settings, using formats such as profile posters, charts and timelines, for example, Πόσα μέλη έχει η οικογένειά σου; Πόσες γλώσσες μιλούν ή μαθαίνουν τα παιδιά στην Αυστραλία;
  • summarising and conveying the main points of texts, deducing the meaning of some unknown words and phrases, and identifying known cultural references, images and other content which contribute to the overall meaning, for example, images of the Acropοlis and the symbol of the owl, or the olive wreath representing peace and the Olympic Games
  • organising and presenting information for a Greek-speaking audience, for example, a web page describing and explaining leisure activities of young people in Australia
  • reporting in either a journal/diary entry or article for a school magazine on own and others’ experiences of events such as a concert, school camp, excursion or new educational computer game

Creating

Engage with and respond to imaginative texts, describing and expressing thoughts and opinions about key ideas, characters, places and events

[Key concepts: imagination, aesthetic, tradition; Key processes: evaluating, reflecting, analysing, comparing] (ACLMGC159 - Scootle )

  • Literacy
  • Critical and Creative Thinking
  • Personal and Social Capability
  • Intercultural Understanding
  • Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Histories and Cultures
  • expressing personal opinions about ideas in Greek imaginative texts in various modes such as myths, legends, stories, film excerpts, paintings, songs or video clips
  • identifying key messages and beliefs from Greek texts and comparing them with the knowledge, cultural values and belief systems in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander stories
    • Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Histories and Cultures
  • responding to imaginative texts, comparing ways in which people, places and experiences are represented, for example, the goddess Athena, Poseidon or characters in modern fiction
  • stating personal preferences about characters, attitudes and events in texts for example, Pandora’s box, Aesop’s fable ‘The Fox and the Grapes’
Create and perform own and shared texts about imaginary people, places and experiences, to entertain others

[Key concepts: entertainment, imagination; Key processes: composing, expressing, performing] (ACLMGC160 - Scootle )

  • Literacy
  • Information and Communication Technology (ICT) Capability
  • Critical and Creative Thinking
  • Personal and Social Capability
  • Intercultural Understanding
  • creating texts, using digital technologies, to entertain younger audiences, such as cartoons, photo stories, plays or Big Books based on traditional and other familiar stories
  • creating the next scene, new character or an alternative ending for imaginative Greek texts, such as a story or drama performance
  • composing and performing short songs with particular themes, for an occasion such as a performance for classroom guests
  • illustrating imaginative stories in visual forms such as cartoons or captioned photo stories

Translating

Translate texts from Greek to English and vice versa, interpreting meaning and identifying words or expressions of specific cultural significance in Greek

[Key concepts: culture, equivalence, idiom; Key processes: translating, interpreting, mediating] (ACLMGC161 - Scootle )

  • Literacy
  • Information and Communication Technology (ICT) Capability
  • Critical and Creative Thinking
  • Personal and Social Capability
  • Intercultural Understanding
  • translating and interpreting expressions used in routine exchanges in familiar settings and making comparisons with similar exchanges in English
  • translating texts, such as short video clips (without subtitles), posters, advertisements, signs and symbols such as emoticons, and explaining cultural aspects using subtitles, captions, gestures and commentaries
  • using dictionaries (traditional, online or electronic) and other translation tools found online, exploring ways of avoiding literal translations that do not reflect intended meaning
  • comparing translations and interpretations of texts such as songs and advertisements, noticing similarities and differences and reflecting on why interpretations may vary
Create bilingual texts in Greek and English, such as menus, posters or brochures on the same theme or event

[Key concepts: equivalence, meaning; Key processes: translating, identifying, interpreting, explaining] (ACLMGC162 - Scootle )

  • Literacy
  • Information and Communication Technology (ICT) Capability
  • Critical and Creative Thinking
  • Personal and Social Capability
  • Intercultural Understanding
  • working individually and collaboratively to create bilingual resources for the home and school environments, such as glossaries, signage, recipes and menus, for example, Το μενού της ημέρας
  • creating English subtitles, footnotes, captions or commentaries for texts such as brochures, video clips, or advertisements that inform the school community about aspects of Greek culture, for example, attending a festival, Ελάτε με την παρέα σας, dining at a Greek restaurant, μεζέδες, ορεκτικά, επιδόρπιο
  • creating glossaries, tourist brochures or itineraries for English-speaking travellers to Greece or Cyprus including and explaining key words, phrases and protocol, for example, Πρόγραμμα εκδρομής, δίκλινα/τρίκλινα δωμάτια, ξεναγός, the meaning of πρωινό, μεσημεριανό φαγητό, βραδινό φαγητό in terms of meeting time
  • creating vocabulary lists and annotated cultural explanations for Greek-speaking visitors to events such as Australian sports days or family events, explaining culturally specific elements, for example, Australian Rules football final, Anzac Day, Harmony Day, barbeque

Reflecting

Participate in intercultural interactions, reflecting on choices and adjustments made to language and behaviour when communicating in Greek and demonstrating awareness of the importance of shared understanding

[Key concepts: difference, communication, interpretation; Key processes: reflecting, decentring, clarifying] (ACLMGC163 - Scootle )

  • Literacy
  • Information and Communication Technology (ICT) Capability
  • Critical and Creative Thinking
  • Personal and Social Capability
  • Intercultural Understanding
  • experimenting with Greek gestures and body language, considering which should and should not be used in interactions with others, for example, signalling downwards to beckon others
  • making appropriate language choices with awareness of social situations, for example, using the polite plural form when speaking to people who are older or not familiar
  • interacting, face-to-face or online, with members of Greek-speaking communities, describing the experience and reflecting on the most appropriate ways of interacting with Greek speakers such as an elderly person, or a recent arrival from Greece or Cyprus
  • reflecting on how own cultural etiquette and behaviour may be interpreted when interacting with Greek speakers, noticing own body language and modifying gestures such as tilting head backward to indicate ‘no’
Reflect on how own biography, including personal experiences, family origins, traditions and beliefs, impacts on identity and shapes own intercultural experiences

[Key concepts: language, culture, identity, experience; Key processes: identifying, reflecting, decentring, making judgements] (ACLMGC164 - Scootle )

  • Literacy
  • Critical and Creative Thinking
  • Personal and Social Capability
  • Intercultural Understanding
  • reflecting on the experience of learning and using Greek and the role of language and culture in expressing identity, and considering the influence of own background on ways of communicating, such as in the use of gestures and body language
  • reflecting on how learning Greek may have impacted on own identity and understanding of the world such as an increased awareness of representations of Greece and Cyprus in the media

Systems of language

Identify and reproduce irregularities of some sound–letter relationships and combinations, such as σμ, αυ, ευ, μία/μια, όι, άι, οϊ, αϊ, κι εγώ, build on pronunciation, using the accent mark for both intonation and meaning, spell frequently used words and apply accurate punctuation to writing

[Key concepts: sound and writing systems; Key processes: repeating, experimenting, comparing, applying] (ACLMGU165 - Scootle )

  • Literacy
  • Critical and Creative Thinking
  • examining differences in digraphs/diphthongs, consonant and vowel combinations, and double consonants
  • reinforcing the sounds represented by, for example, δ, θ, β, ξ,ψ, χ, and comparing similarities and differences between the Greek and Roman scripts
  • examining and applying the rules of accentuation when using Greek
  • identifying differences in tone, intonation and rhythm between statements, questions, exclamations and commands, for example, ορίστε, παρακαλώ, identifying and using irregularities in the language such as κι εγώ, μία-μια, δύο-δυο
  • applying punctuation and spelling rules to own writing
  • experimenting with pronunciation of less familiar texts
Apply knowledge of grammatical features, such as tense, voice, regular and irregular verbs, adverbs, pronouns and adjectives, and use conjunctions to construct compound and complex sentences

[Key concepts: tenses, metalanguage; Key processes: identifying, emphasising, expanding] (ACLMGU166 - Scootle )

  • Literacy
  • Critical and Creative Thinking
  • using a range of tenses and voices to describe routines and actions
  • using a range of regular and irregular verbs to develop sentence structures, for example, Χτες είδα το Γιάννη και μου είπε τα νέα
  • using adjectives to describe and compare people and aspects of the immediate environment, for example, O Γιάννης είναι ψηλός αλλά η Μαρία είναι πιο ψηλή/ψηλότερη, and using simple word order (subject–verb–object), for example, Η Άννα τρώει καρπούζι
  • using adverbs to modify and intensify the meaning of verbs and adjectives, for example, αρκετά, πολύ, λίγο
  • using pronouns such as αυτός, κάτι, as substitutes in sentences
  • recognising that some Greek nouns do not always reflect their grammatical gender, for example, in η γιατρός
  • using suffixes to vary and intensify the meaning of nouns, adjectives and adverbs, for example, to create diminutives/augmentatives such as μικρούλι, γατούλα, σπιτάκι, Γιαννάκης, ομαδάρα, σπιταρόνα
  • creating compound and complex sentences by using conjunctions, for example, Δε θα πάω στο σχολείο την Τετάρτη, γιατί θα πάω στη Μελβούρνη με την οικογένειά μου
Examine the structure and linguistic choices of a range of personal, informative and imaginative texts, such as digital/online diary entries, news reports, cartoons and stories, and consider how these choices were influenced by audience and purpose

[Key concepts: textual conventions, linguistic choices, audience, purpose; Key processes: identifying, comparing] (ACLMGU167 - Scootle )

  • Literacy
  • Information and Communication Technology (ICT) Capability
  • Critical and Creative Thinking
  • describing the main features of familiar text types, for example, cartoon, digital story/DVD, storyboard, online news report, and identifying features such as sequencing
  • observing that texts are constructed for a variety of purposes, such as to request, instruct, invite or describe, for example, an invitation to a party or a greeting card
  • identifying the structure and organisation of a range of text types, for example, comparing emails and letters, written notes, text messages and print and digital versions of a journal/diary entry
  • identifying and comparing features of language use in different text types, such as formality/informality, headings, and lexical and grammatical choices that distinguish textual purpose and audience

Language variation and change

Understand how language use varies according to context, purpose, audience and mode of delivery, and how language choices, such as shifting from a formal to an informal style, may signal changes in social settings

[Key concept: register; Key processes: identifying, connecting, analysing] (ACLMGU168 - Scootle )

  • Literacy
  • Information and Communication Technology (ICT) Capability
  • Critical and Creative Thinking
  • Personal and Social Capability
  • Intercultural Understanding
  • identifying linguistic features used in different types of text, for example, different greetings and levels of formality expressed in conversations, speeches, emails and electronic text messages
  • identifying differences in language, register and style in a range of contexts, for example, in songs, graffiti and event invitations
  • understanding that different situations need different levels of politeness depending on the context and the speaker, such as thanking a peer for a gift, apologising to a host for lateness
  • recognising that there are linguistic choices to ensure appropriate interaction, for example, when giving directions εδώ είπα, δεξιά παρακαλώ, σταμάτα
Recognise that Modern Greek has evolved from Ancient Greek and that changes to the Greek alphabet, number system and style of writing have occurred through the ages; considering factors that have influenced this change

[Key concepts: change, continuity; Key processes: identifying, comparing] (ACLMGU169 - Scootle )

  • Literacy
  • Critical and Creative Thinking
  • Intercultural Understanding
  • finding examples of Greek script throughout history, such as on pots and stone slabs, for example, the Rosetta Stone, the entrance to Delphi, tombstones in Vergina, Byzantine artefacts, coins and old books, observing how different styles of writing have developed
  • understanding that there are different forms of written Greek used in different contexts dating from the ancient world to today
  • recognising that meanings of particular words and expressions can originate from earlier times, for example, εντάξει

Role of language and culture

Understand how language use reflects cultural ideas, assumptions and perspectives, and reflect on how what is considered acceptable in communication varies across cultures

[Key concepts: attitudes, norms, sameness and difference; Key processes: analysing, interpreting, reflecting] (ACLMGU170 - Scootle )

  • Literacy
  • Critical and Creative Thinking
  • Personal and Social Capability
  • Intercultural Understanding
  • Sustainability
  • discussing ways of communicating across cultures, the significance of cultural concepts and how social conventions are reflected in language use, for example, Γεια μας!, Nα΄σαι καλά, Σιδερένιος, Να ζήσετε, Πάντα άξιος, considering assumptions and perspectives
  • analysing the meaning and use of proverbs, idioms and sayings, for example, Δείξε μου τον φίλο σου να σου πω ποιος είσαι, discussing how they reflect culture and traditions
  • reflect on ways cultural ideas embedded in language influence places occupied by Greek diaspora and the sustainability of those places
    • Sustainability

Years 7 and 8 Achievement Standards

By the end of Year 8, students use written and spoken Greek to initiate and sustain classroom interactions, (for example, Πότε θα πάμε σινεμά;) to carry out transactions (for example, Πώς πέρασες τις διακοπές σου;) and to exchange information, ideas, thoughts and feelings about people, (for example, Ο μπαμπάς μου είναι καλός μάγειρας), objects, places and events such as, Τι ώρα θα πάμε στη συναυλία αύριο; They ask and respond to open-ended questions (for example, Πού θα ήθελες να ταξιδέψεις στο μέλλον;) and use rehearsed and spontaneous language to engage in discussions, negotiate, make decisions and arrangements, and offer opinions such as, Θέλω να πάω στην Ελλάδα κάποια μέρα. They apply appropriate pronunciation and rhythm in spoken Greek to a range of sentence types, including the use of the accent mark for both intonation and meaning. They locate and interpret information and ideas on topics of interest, such as, Πώς διασκεδάζουν στην Ελλάδα; from a range of texts and communicate information, views and ideas using different modes of presentation. They share their response to different imaginative texts by expressing thoughts and opinions and describing ways in which ideas, characters, places and events are represented. Students create imaginative texts about people, places and experiences to entertain others (for example, Μία αξέχαστη εκδρομή, Όταν ξέχασα να ...). They use grammatical features, such as regular verbs, irregular verbs, adverbs, adjectives (for example, έμεινα, έπαιζα, θα μείνω, είπε, να μπορέσω, γρήγορα, πιο γρήγορα, γρηγορότερα, πολύ), pronouns (for example, αυτός, κάτι) and conjunctions (for example, που, πως, ότι, επειδή, δηλαδή, αλλά, γιατί) to construct compound and complex sentences and link ideas and sentences. They apply rules of punctuation and spelling to their own written constructions. They translate and interpret texts, identifying and explaining words with particular cultural significance in Greek, and create bilingual texts for the school and wider community, providing subtitles, captions or commentaries to help meaning. They explain why communication with others involves shared responsibility for making meaning, and identify the choices and adjustments they make when participating in intercultural interactions.

Students identify and reproduce irregularities of some sound–letter relationships and combinations. They analyse the structure and linguistic features of different text types to identify their relationship with audience and purpose. They analyse language use in different contexts, including formal and informal (for example, Συγγνώμη, Με συγχωρείτε), explaining the impact of purpose, audience and social setting. They explain the dynamic nature of the Greek language from ancient to modern times, and suggest reasons for change. They give examples of ways that language use reflects cultural ideas, assumptions and perspectives such as, Έχει φιλότιμο, Καλύτερα να σου βγει το μάτι παρά το όνομα, and how what is considered normal in communication varies across cultures.


Years 7 and 8 Work Sample Portfolios